Lidocaine and pinacidil added to blood versus crystalloid cardioplegic solutions: study in isolated hearts

Abstract Objective: The present study aimed the functional recovery evaluation after long term of cardiac arrest induced by Custodiol (crystalloid-based) versus del Nido (blood-based) solutions, both added lidocaine and pinacidil as cardioplegic agents. Experiments were performed in isolated rat heart perfusion models. Methods: Male rat heart perfusions, according to Langendorff technique, were induced to cause 3 hours of cardiac arrest with a single dose. The hearts were assigned to one of the following three groups: (I) control; (II) Custodiol-LP; and (III) del Nido-LP. They were evaluated after ischemia throughout 90 minutes of reperfusion. Left ventricular contractility function was reported as percentage of recovery, expressed by developed pressure, maximum dP/dt, minimum dP/dt, and rate pressure product variables. In addition, coronary resistance and myocardial injury marker by alpha-fodrin degradation were also evaluated. Results: At 90 minutes of reperfusion, both solutions had superior left ventricular contractile recovery function than the control group. Del Nido-LP was superior to Custodiol-LP in maximum dP/dt (46%±8 vs. 67%±7, P<0.05) and minimum dP/dt (31%±4 vs. 51%±9, P<0.05) variables. Coronary resistance was lower in del Nido-LP group than in Custodiol-LP (395%±50 vs. 307%±13, P<0.05), as well as alpha-fodrin degradation, with lower levels in del Nido-LP group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Del Nido-LP cardioplegia showed higher functional recovery after 3 hours of ischemia. The analysis of alpha-fodrin degradation showed del Nido-LP solution provided greater protection against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in this experimental model.

Viabilidad y germinación de semillas de Hechtiaperotensis (Bromeliaceae) / Viability and germination of Hechtia perotensis (Bromeliaceae) seed

ResumenPoblaciones endémicas de Hechtiaperotensis se han descrito en Puebla y Veracruz, México. La recolección de semillas de buena calidad permite su uso en conservación, investigación y restauración ecológica. Algunos compuestos para evaluar la calidad de las semillas silvestres y endémicas, como nitrato de potasio (KNO3) y ácido giberílico (AG3), se utilizan para incrementar la germinación de las semillas y disminuir la latencia. La prueba de cloruro de trifeniltetrazolio (tetrazolio) se correlaciona con la viabilidad de las semillas porque se basa en la actividad de las deshidrogenasas de tejidos vivos que catalizan la respiración mitocondrial. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el tamaño y el peso de las cápsulas y las semillas y la germinación y viabilidad de las semillas de H. perotensis recolectadas en Veracruz en 2012 y 2015. Las hipótesis fueron (1) que la germinación y la viabilidad de las semillas son independientes del año de recolecta, (2) que hay una concentración adecuada de tetrazolio para identificar la viabilidad de las semillas y (3) que el pretratamiento con KNO3 o AG3 incrementa la germinación de las semillas. La germinación se evaluó con un diseño completamente al azar con tres tratamientos (testigo y promotores de la germinación KNO3 0.2 % y AG3 500 mg/L), cuatro tratamientos para la prueba de viabilidad (testigo, 0.2, 0.5 y 1.0 % de tetrazolio) y seis repeticiones de cada tratamiento. La germinación se evaluó en 100 semillas y la viabilidad en 25. Los resultados entre y dentro de años se analizaron con ANDEVA y prueba de comparación múltiple de medias de Tukey. La proporción de semillas no germinadas se cuantificó junto con el número de plántulas normales y anormales, semillas con embrión viable o sin él, y con viabilidad baja o sin viabilidad. En promedio la muestra recolectada en 2012 tuvo 36 % de semillas con embrión viable, 7 con viabilidad baja, 24 % no viables y 33 % sin embrión. Este resultado fue significativamente diferente al de 2015, que presentó 87 % de embriones viables, 10 % con viabilidad baja, 0 % no viables y 3 % sin embrión. La germinación también fue significativamente diferente entre los años (22 y 92 %). Los tratamientos pregerminativos no modificaron la germinación. La germinación y la viabilidad de las semillas de H. perotensis varían significativamente entre los años de recolecta.

Abstract:Endemic populations of Hechtiaperotensis have been described in Puebla and Veracruz, Mexico. Good quality seed collections can be used in conservation, research and ecological restoration. To evaluate seed quality of wild and endemic species, some compounds are used as effective promoters of germination, such as potassium nitrate (KNO3) and gibberellic acid (AG3), because they increase seed germination capacity and reduce latency. The triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (tetrazolium) test correlates seed viability because it is based on the activity of dehydrogenases in live tissues that catalyze mitochondrial respiration. The objective of this study was to obtain information on size and weight of capsules and seeds and seed germination and viability of H.perotensis, collected in Veracruz in the year 2012 and 2015. The hypotheses were 1) that seed germination and viability are independent of the year of collection, 2) that there is a tetrazolium concentration that can identify seed viability better than others, and 3) that pretreatment with KNO3 or AG3 improves seed germination. Seed germination was assessed using a completely randomized design with three treatments (control and the germination promoters 0.2 % KNO3 and 500 mg/L AG3), four treatments for the viability test (control, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 % of tetrazolium) and six replicates for each treatment. A total of one hundred seeds for germination experiments, and 25 seeds for the viability test were used. The results between and within years were analyzed with ANOVA and multiple comparison with the Tukey test. The proportion of non-germinated seeds was quantified along with the number of normal and abnormal seedlings, seeds with viable embryo, seeds without embryo, and seeds with low or no viability. On average, for the 2012 collected sample, 36 % had viable embryos, 7 % had low viability, 24 % were not viable and 33 % had no embryo. This result was significantly different from the 2015 sample, for which 87 % of seed showed viable embryos, 10 % had low viability, 0 % was not viable and 3 % had no embryo. Seed germination was also significantly different between years (22 and 92 %) Pregerminative treatments did not improve germination. Seed germination and viability of H. perotensis significantly varied between years of seed collection. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (1): 153-165. Epub 2017 March 01.

Expression of cell adhesion molecules in the normal and T3 blocked development of the tadpole's kidney of Bufo arenarum (Amphibian, Anuran, Bufonidae) / Expressão das moléculas de adesão celular no desenvolvimento normal e com a inibição do hormônio tireoidea do rim nas larvas do Bufo arenarum (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)

Cell adhesion molecules act as signal transducers from the extracellular environment to the cytoskeleton and the nucleus and consequently induce changes in the expression pattern of structural proteins. In this study, we showed the effect of thyroid hormone (TH) inhibition and arrest of metamorphosis on the expression of E-cadherin, β-and α-catenin in the developing kidney of Bufo arenarum. Cell adhesion molecules have selective temporal and spatial expression during development suggesting a specific role in nephrogenesis. In order to study mechanisms controlling the expression of adhesion molecules during renal development, we blocked the B. arenarum metamorphosis with a goitrogenic substance that blocks TH synthesis. E-cadherin expression in the proximal tubules is independent of thyroid control. However, the blockage of TH synthesis causes up-regulation of E-cadherin in the collecting ducts, the distal tubules and the glomeruli. The expression of β-and α-catenin in the collecting ducts, the distal tubules, the glomeruli and the mesonephric mesenchyme is independent of TH. TH blockage causes up-regulation of β-and α-catenin in the proximal tubules. In contrast to E-cadherin, the expression of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1 (Dsg-1) is absent in the control of the larvae kidney during metamorphosis and is expressed in some interstitial cells in the KClO4 treated larvae. According to this work, the Dsg-1 expression is down-regulated by TH. We demonstrated that the expression of E-cadherin, Dsg-1, β-catenin and α-catenin are differentially affected by TH levels, suggesting a hormone-dependent role of these proteins in the B. arenarum renal metamorphosis.

Moléculas de adesão celular atuam como tradutores do ambiente extracelular para o citoesqueleto e o núcleo e, conseqüentemente, induzindo mudanças no padrão da expressão das proteínas estruturais. Neste estudo, observamos os efeitos da inibição do hormônio tireóidea (TH) e detenção da metamorfose na expressão da E-caderina, β- e α- catenina no desenvolvimento do rim do Bufo arenarum. As moléculas de adesão celular durante o desenvolvimento têm uma expressão temporal e espacial seletiva, sugerindo um papel específico na nefrogênese. Com o propósito de estudar os mecanismos de controle da expressão das moléculas de adesão durante o desenvolvimento renal, bloqueou-se a metamorfose do B. arenarum com uma substancia goitrogênica que bloqueia a síntese de TH. A expressão da E-caderina nos tubos proximais é independente do controle da tireóide. Entretanto, o bloqueio da síntese de TH provoca uma sobre elevação da E-caderina nos dutos coletores, nos tubos distais e nos glomérulos. A expressão da β- e α-catenina nos dutos coletores, nos tubos distais, nos glomérulos e no mesênquima mesonéfrico é independente da TH. O bloqueio da TH causa uma sobre-regulação da β- e α-catenina nos tubos proximais. Em contraste com a E-caderina, a expressão da caderina desmossomal demogloína 1 (Dsg-1) é ausente no controle durante a metamorfose da fase larval dos rins e se expressa em algumas células intersticiais nas larvas tratadas com KClO4. De acordo com este trabalho, a expressão Dsg-1 é subregulada pela TH. Demonstramos que a expressão da E-caderina, Dsg-1, β-catenina e α-catenina são afetadas de forma diferencial pelos níveis de TH, sugerindo um dependência hormonal destas proteínas na metamorfose renal do B. arenarum.

Effects of potassium humate solution and soaking periods on germination characteristics of undelinted cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of soaking in potassium humate (PH) solution (55% humic acid, 30% fulvic acid and 8% potassium hydroxide) and distilled water (DW) for different periods (0, 4, 8 and 16 hours) on germination characteristics of undelinted seeds of cotton cv Ersan-92. Radicle, hypocotyl and seedling length, radicle and hypocotyl elongation rate and vigor index increased by PH solution treatment and increasing soaking periods. The medium x soaking period interactions were significant except for germination percentage. Sixteen hour soaking period gave the highest values of investigated characteristics. It is suggested that pre-sowing PH solution treatment may be useful to provide a good stand establishment.

Aerobic growth of motile and non-motile bacteria an the surface of solid culture medium in the presence of the heavy metal and ionic salts at two temperatures

Threshold concentrations of heavy metal and ionic salts defining the range of Concentrations, that do not suppress growth, were determined in tryptic soya agar medium. It has been found that the salts of NH4, Mg, Cd and Hg at low concentrations disrupt the symbiotic relationship between the solid surface culture medium and the microorganisms, but do not suppress the growth of the bacteria. These compounds have been included under two different groups as infection inhibitors [Cd and Hg] and as an infection stimulators [NH4, Mg and K]

Ultrastructural study on thyroid glands of Bufo arenarum larvae kept in potassium perchlorate solution

The ultrastructure of thyroid glands in Bufo arenarum tadpoles was studied with inhibited thyroid function. After hatching, larvae were kept in potassium perchlorate solution, a goitrogenic substance known to prevent absorption of iodine from water or food, resulting in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis. Increased thyroid gland volume and follicular cell height were observed in treated larvae. The changes in size and volume of follicular cells in experimental tadpoles appeared to be mainly a function of the overstimulation of proteinpoietic apparatus. The cell shows a conspicuous development of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, as well as an increase in number of mitochondria and colloid droplets. These observations in follicular thyroid cells from Bufo arenarum, obtained under such experimental conditions, were interpreted in terms of interruption of negative feedback mechanisms involving the decrease in the thyroxine circulatory level, and therefore the increase in hypothalamo-hypophyseal endocrine secretory stimulation.